Dossier Opium en Chine - J. Doolittle, 1865, Opium and Opium Smoking, Social life of the Chinese Vol. 2 - "The Chinese have a common saying that the smoker of opium ‘makes the day night, and the night day’, alluding to his unnatural hours of waking and of sleeping. His features almost always become strikingly changed, being of an unhealthy, pallid, death-like cast. His shoulders not unfrequently become permanently elevated above their natural level, much as when one shrugs them up, at the same time drawing down his head. Such an opium-smoker is expressively described as ‘having three heads’, from the high and unnatural appearance of his shoulders. His eyes become glaring and without expression."
Lire Plus »Opium and Opium-Smoking – J. Doolittle
Dossier Opium en Chine - J. Doolittle, 1865, Opium and Opium Smoking, Social life of the Chinese Vol. 2 - "The Chinese have a common saying that the smoker of opium ‘makes the day night, and the night day’, alluding to his unnatural hours of waking and of sleeping. His features almost always become strikingly changed, being of an unhealthy, pallid, death-like cast. His shoulders not unfrequently become permanently elevated above their natural level, much as when one shrugs them up, at the same time drawing down his head. Such an opium-smoker is expressively described as ‘having three heads’, from the high and unnatural appearance of his shoulders. His eyes become glaring and without expression."
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Dossier Opium en Chine - Z. Bizeul - Relations de Chine 1903 - Le paysan s’est laissé facilement tromper par les apparences. Comme l’opium coûte très cher, un champ de pavots qui réussit rapporte la première année trois ou quatre fois plus que toute autre culture ; mais rien n’épuise la terre davantage et le champ n’est bientôt plus bon à rien
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